Their theory in nonmathematical terms can be summarized as follows. Super conductin g state normal m state vortex region c 1 h c 2 h super conducting state normal state h m hc. Hamiltonians and theories aiming to provide a deeper understanding of various properties of. In 2005, schrieffer fell asleep while driving and received a sentence of two years in prison for vehicular manslaughter which killed one, and injured seven other people. Hirsch, department of physics, university of california san diego a magnetic field h is expelled from the interior of a metal becoming superconducting 1. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Cosmological consequences there is another way of looking at this model of background superfluid aether plus the elementary excitations, the totality of which accounts for the. Bcs theory or bardeencooper schrieffer theory named after john bardeen, leon cooper, and john robert schrieffer is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity since heike kamerlingh onness 1911 discovery. A study of insight, confidence, perseverance, and collaboration lillian hoddeson.
In the future this novel comprehension of how super conductivity works may give a guideline to develop improved superconductors especially in the hightempera ture superconductivity area. A brief overview of changes in the superconducting transition temperature under pres j. Effect of ferromagnetic spin correlations on superconductivity. Theory of superconductivity schrieffer, john robert.
It is based on the assumption that the supercurrent is not carried by single electrons but rather by pairs of. Robert schrieffer, has been reprinted because of its enduring value as an introduction to the theory of superconductivity. The bcs theory revolutionized our understanding of this fascinating phenomenon. Bardeencooper schrieffer 1957 i the effective forces between electrons can sometimes be attractive in a solid rather than repulsive ii cooper problem. World scientific series in 20th century physics selected papers of j robert schrieffer, pp. Superconductivity article about superconductivity by the. Other articles where theory of superconductivity is discussed. Gorkov, and l e dzyaloshinski, methods of quantum field theory in statistical physics, prenticehall, englewood cliffs. Handbook of high temperature superconductivity schrieffer. Specifically, the theory describes the properties of electrical. The theory describes superconductivity as a microscopic effect caused by a condensation of cooper pairs into a bosonlike state. The remaining four chapters are devoted to the simplest phenomenological weak coupling theory of superconductivity on a microscopic level, the bcs theory, which provided the. We will first give a brief discussion of the electronphonon interactions as applied to superconductivity theory from 1950 to 1957, when the pairing theory was introduced, then discuss the migdal theory as applied to normal metals.
Lecture notes on superconductivity a work in progress daniel arovas congjun wu department of physics university of california, san diego. We will compare also the electronphonon mechanism for superconduc. We will then calculate and study interesting quantities of the su. Robert schrieffer, which is known as the bcs theory. Currently in 2010, two theories are used to explain the phenomenon of. No matter how hard i have tried, it has proven extraordinarily difficult to poke holes in the bcs theory of super conductivity.
It very successfully describes the superconducting properties of weak superconductors, such as aluminum, which are weak because of the small strength of the electronphonon interaction. The complete microscopic theory of superconductivity was finally proposed in 1957 by bardeen, cooper and schrieffer. He continued his studies at the university of illinois, where he along with professors john bardeen and leon cooper developed the theory of superconductivity. Bcs theory of superconductivity john bardeen leon neil cooper john robert schrieffer of the prize of the prize of the prize usa usa usa university of illinois urbana, il, usa brown university providence, ri, usa university of pennsylvania philadelphia, pa, usa b. The bardeencooper schrieffer bcs theory describes how the electrons in a conductor form the ordered superconducting state. Starting from this mechanism, bardeen, cooper and schrieffer developed in 1957 a theory of superconductivity, which gave a complete theoretical explanation of the phenomenon. John robert schrieffer was an american physicist who, with john bardeen and leon cooper, was a recipient of the 1972 nobel prize in physics for developing the bcs theory, the first successful quantum theory of superconductivity. Schilling, in handbook of high temperature superconductivity.
The timetested bardeencooper schrieffer bcs theory of superconductivity is generally accepted to be the correct theory of conventional superconductivity by physicists and, by extension, by. The mechanism by which two negatively charged electrons are bound together is still controversial in modern superconducting systems such as the copper oxides or alkali metal fullerides, but well understood in conventional superconductors such as aluminium in terms of the mathematically complex bcs bardeen cooper schrieffer theory. We will look at features of superconductors before the discovery of the bcs theory, and examine the assumptions and methods used to develop the theory. Superconductivity an overview sciencedirect topics. Now, it can be recalled that the fundamental assertion laid out as the basis for the bonding theory for metals and alloys on page 7 was that all metals and alloys contain both covalentbond and freeelectrons. Brooks, have produced a unified, coherent work providing a global view of hightemperature superconductivity covering the materials, the relationships with heavyfermion and organic systems, and the many formidable challenges that remain. Bardeen and leon cooper in discussing with you the theory of superconduct ivity. And they found that the light was transmitted much more readily than in a. Schrieffer,theory of superconductivityperseus books, 1999. The bcs theory was indeed very successful in explaining in considerable detail the properties of superconductors. The clarification of the nature of metallic bonding and the physical nature of electrical conductivity has allowed us to advance in explaining the phenomenon of superconductivity. Handbook of high temperature superconductivity theory and. Electron lattice interaction via lattice deformation. Superconductivity is the phenomenon of certain materials exhibiting zero electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields below a characteristic temperature.
A qualitative description of the microscopic theory of bardeen, cooper, and schrieffer. The bardeen cooper schrieffer theory bardeen et al. Theory of superconductivity manhattan rare book company. Experimental evidence pointed to the fact that in the transition of a. Jan 22, 1971 theory of superconductivity is considered one of the best treatment of the field. The superconducting properties of small specimens 9. The central feature of the bcs theory is that two electrons in the superconductor are able to form a bound pair called a cooper pair if they somehow experience an attractive interaction between. Everyone in my lab uses this book as a reference so i bought it to use as my introduction to superconductivity theory. The challenge of unconventional superconductivity science. Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read. I like the book very much and would recommend it to anyone. However, in the wake of the hightemperature superconductivity revolution, one particular adaptation of hubbards original model called the t j model originally arising in the context of doped motthubbard insulators emerged as a compelling candidate for hosting a superconducting state.
I am a grad student researching superconducting circuits for quantum information. Benjamin, new york, 1964, and in the final chapter of a. The theory of superconductivity was formulated by bardeen, cooper, and schrieffer 1957 and is called the bcs theory. In 1957, bardeen, cooper and schrieffer proposed 3 a quantum theory of superconductivity, known as the bcs theory, for which they received a nobel prize. Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. Handbook of high temperature superconductivity theory. We will compare also the electronphonon mechanism for superconductivity with possible alternative mechanisms,in particular, based on effective interaction originatingfrom spin. Schrieffer reported the first successful microscopic theory of superconductivity.
This theory could explain the effects such as zero resistivity, meissner effect, isotopic effect etc. The theory for superconductivity proposed herein must meet this criterion. Theory of superconductivity schrieffer, john robert download. The microscopic theory of superconductivity was developed by bardeen.
A low energy muon spin rotation and point contact tunneling study of niobium. Schrieffer, theory of superconductivity, benjamin, new york. Bcs theory bcs theory of superconductor was put forward by bardeen, cooper and schrieffer. Scrrzrzzzzzf departmelt of physics, urtiversity of illinois, urbarta, itlirtois. He continued his work as a fellow at the university of birmingham and the niels bohr institute in copenhagen. Developing a rigorous theory for any of these classes of. Theory of superconductivity is considered one of the best treatment of the field. We will first give a brief discussion of the electronphonon interactions as applied to superconductivity theory from 1950 to 1957, when the pairing theory was introduced, then discuss the migdal theory as. Since the early days of quantum mechanics, many models. Emergent gauge fields and the high temperature superconductors. The history of superconductivity began with dutch physicist heike kamerlingh onness discovery of superconductivity in mercury in 1911. Microscopic theory of superconductivity selected papers. Theory of superconductivity advanced books classics. An attractive interaction between electrons through electronlatticeelectron interaction can lead to a ground state separated from excited states by an energy gap.
Schrieffer and the author 1 presented a new approach to the theory of superconductivity to be called bcs theory which has proved to be quite successful in accounting for many of the experimental facts. The theory of superconductivity developed by bardeen, cooper, and schrieffer bcs j was founded on a number of assumptions concerning the causes of superconductivity which, on the basis of theory and experiment, were generally agreed. Theory of superconductivity book by schrieffer britannica. The fundamentals of the theory of superconductivity are stresses as a means of providing the reader with a framework for the literature in. Parts of the paper arebased on a thesis submitted by dr. Scrrzrzzzzzf departmelt of physics, urtiversity of illinois, urbarta, itlirtois received july 8, 1957 a theory of superconductivity is presented, based on the fact that the interaction between electrons resulting from virtual exchange of phonons is attractive when the. Lecture notes on superconductivity a work in progress. Since then, many other superconducting materials have been discovered and the theory of. Quasiparticles and gauge invariance in the theory of.
This bcs theory explained the superconducting current as a superfluid of cooper pairs, pairs of electrons interacting through the exchange of phonons. The theory describes superconductivity as a microscopic effect caused by a condensation of cooper pairs. A microscopic theory of superconductivity was developed in 1957 by john bardeen, leon cooper and j. During the past few decades, several new classes of superconductors have been discovered that do not appear to be related to traditional superconductors. Fundamentals of the theory of metalsnorthholland, 1988. For this work, the authors were awarded the nobel prize in 1972. The source of the superconductivity of these materials is likely different from the electronion interactions that are at the heart of conventional superconductivity. Fernandes here we will discuss a new ground state of the interacting electron gas. Eremin, mpipks first truly microscopic theory of superconductivity. Bcs theory bcs theory of superconductor was put forward by bardeen, cooper and schrieffer in 1957 and hence named as bcs theory.
295 480 440 360 636 562 142 1079 1244 1015 1227 240 758 1399 245 490 1306 1514 1337 1142 972 341 420 1082 550 718 178 1054 30 354 192 427 1108 535 563 1108 1015 1097