There is a large body of criticality data available from experiments done in the past, and there are other criticality facilities still operating in other countries. Peoples lives depend upon quality safety evaluations in this area. Subpart a general provisions, criticality safety index csi means the dimensionless number rounded up to the next tenth assigned to and placed on the label of a fissile material. Planning protection measures against runaway reactions. Integrity178ba full time and memorypartitioned arinc6531 realtime operating system rtos gmarta safety critical minimal ada runtime kernel gstarta safety critical smalltasking ada. Plant features with criticality potential processing plants contain a multiplicity of work stations, and areasfor both longterm and shortterm storage. This approach allows minimising the required data set for the safety assessment and for the definition of the protection. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Subpart a general provisions, criticality safety index csi means the dimensionless number rounded up to the next tenth assigned to and placed on the label of a fissile material package, to designate the degree of control of. The nuclear facility safety program establishes and maintains the doe requirements for nuclear criticality safety. It provides the basis for determining the value and impact that specific equipment has on the manufacturing or production process, as well as the level of attention that equipment requires in terms of maintenance strategy and tactics.
Criticality safety index energy law and legal definition. The other focuses on the criticality safety program at y12. This last safety consideration, nuclear criticality safety, is the primary concern of this paper. During the manufacture of the lead acid battery, various chemical, mechanical and metallurgical parameters have a profound impact on the. Part 71 packaging and transportation of radioactive material. A complete safety critical line green hills software offers a complete safety critical product line that includes.
In the past few years, improved and more detailed safety analyses for. Criticality is an important nuclear safety hazard in plants where fissile material is processed this includes fuel manufacture, handled or stored but is also an important consideration during defuelrefuel operations on nuclear reactor plant. What are the two decision support tools that dod created to perform criticality assessments in support of the vulnerability assessment process. Inventory difference information and criticality safety relf l. Nea1681 criticalityaccidents nuclear energy agency. Pdf criticality safety and sensitivity analyses of pwr. Criticality safety personnel must demonstrate a working level knowledge of doe o 420. Deficiencies in criticality safety at oak ridge y12 plant.
Criticality safety assessment of transport packages. Simulates a model of forest fires, as well as explains why some elements of infrastructure are more resilient to catastrophe than others. The doe detailed requirements for criticality safety are contained in section 4. The program provides guidance for performing two independent evaluations. Recent additions of criticality safety related integral benchmark data to the icsbep and. Preliminary criticality safety evaluation for in situ grouting in the subsurface disposal area ineelext200000794 1 1. In addition, lacef operates handson training courses for criticality safety engineers, facility managers, and other people who contribute to the safe use of nuclear materials. Assessment of dose rates due to a criticality accident. Portland was one of 6 pilot cities to implement the nationally. The cooling failure scenario was developed by gygax, 1988, gygax, 1993 for the systematic assessment of thermal risks linked with exothermal chemical reactions. Pdf highquality integral benchmark experiments have always been a priority for criticality safety. Clay ton bn w criticality data on the effect of raschig rings is needed to more accurately establish nuclear criticality safety. Department of energy doe waste isolation pilot plant wipp.
Jul 21, 2009 section 1 overview this chapter has been prepared to provide assistance in the application of an equipment criticality analysis. Memorandum nuclear safety assessment of shielded containers. International conference on nuclear criticality safety 2015. Monte carlo criticality safety and sensitivity calculations of pressurized water reactor pwr spent nuclear fuel repository facilities for the slovenian nuclear power plant krsko are presented. Equipment criticality assessment is a key process in the development of any maintenance and reliability process. Doe criticality safety enterprisenext generation jerry mckamy doe nuclear criticality safety in the united kingdomwork in progress neil harris nnl current state of criticality safety efforts in france, focus on irsn international cooperation in nuclear criticality safety activities eric letang irsn. A firefighter in the city of miami has been given a fourday unpaid suspension for his role in an apparatus accident last august that injured twelve people, including seven firefighters. Equipment criticality classification model based on ahp kadarsah suryadi heri setyanta industrial management research group department of industrial engineering bandung institute of technology jl.
Why would you try to run through a criticality experiment after normal work hours, without key safety measures in place, and with. Criticality safety personnel shall demonstrate a familiarity level knowledge of historical. Simulation of criticality accident transients in uranyl. Criticality safety considerations for lowlevelwaste facilities calvin m. Failure mode effects and criticality analysis of the. Criticality of puu nitrate solution con taining glass raschig rings, r. Level 5 system or process level 7 asset y y y e y y e a y atmospheric distillation desalter 5 3 6 10 3 4 1 32 6 atmospheric distillation 1 a heat exchanger 4 5 3 5 4 4 2 27 86 atmospheric distillation 1 b heat exchanger 4 5 3 5 4 6 2 29 14 atmospheric distillation tower 8 7 4 10 7 6 10 52 4 atmospheric. Public education has a long history of being in the forefront of fire and safety education programs. Criticality safety considerations go beyond the analysis of each of these in terms of subcritical individual units or storage arrays. The unreflected critical mass, rquare of the material density6. Any such event involves the unintended accumulation or arrangement of a critical mass of fissile material, for example enriched uranium or plutonium. Planning protection measures against runaway reactions using. Reference values for nuclear criticality safety homogeneous and uniform uo 2, unh, puo 2 and punh, moderated and reflected by h 2 o a demonstration study by an expert group of the working party on nuclear criticality safety for the oecdnea nuclear science committee final evaluation and report prepared by d. In 20, the cnsc adopted a revised regulatory framework structure with a new system for naming and numbering regulatory documents.
Sufficient detail is provided to enable the reader to understand the physical situation,the chemistry and material flow,and when available the administrative setting leading up to the time of the accident. The team members will evaluate how well the oak ridge. In this case, publication brought out obscure causes that demanded consideration in the discipline of criticality safety. Description of program or function criticality accidents and the characteristics of prompt power excursions are discussed. It is sometimes referred to as a critical excursion, critical power excursion, or divergent chain reaction. Criticality safety requirements are based on the documented safety analysis required by 10 cfr 830, subpart b. This standard recognizes that criticality safety requirements must contribute to the physical and economic functions of a plant in a balanced manner. Identifies selforganized criticality soc, one of the fundamental principles of risk, specifically relating it to the 2007 california wildfires. Pdf recent additions of criticality safety related integral. The next step is to determine the effects of each failure mode and, once identified, classified them according to seriousness of the consequences. The 2012 energy facility contractors group safety analysis workshop will be held at buffalo thunder just north of santa fe, new mexico. In the event of a criticality accident, exposure to ionizing radiations of workers located close to the accident site can be consequent.
A criticality accident is an uncontrolled nuclear fission chain reaction. Memorandum nuclear safety assessment of shielded containers in the wipp system of operations 1. Pevey1 1department of nuclear engineering, university of tennessee, knoxville, tn, usa 2y12 national security complex, safety analysis engineering, oak ridge, tn, usa abstract numerical analysis of criticality accident transients is used to characterize fission source term. Recommendation 944, deficiencies in criticality safety at oak ridge y12 plant. Gustavo alzate, a miami firefighter for two years, was driving an ems unit when it collided with an engine company.
Section 1 overview this chapter has been prepared to provide assistance in the application of an equipment criticality analysis. There is a large body of criticality data available from experiments done in the past, and there are. One involves operational safety requirements osr, criticality safety approvals csa, and procedures that support osrs and csas. Pdf recent additions of criticality safety related. Moreover, as in the case of the tokaimura criticality accident japan, 1999, significant dose rates can. Oct 11, 2011 equipment criticality assessment is a key process in the development of any maintenance and reliability process. Simulation of criticality accident transients in uranyl nitrate solution with comsol multiphysics c. These solutions must be processed, transported, and stored safely such that a prompt critical configuration is never attained or even approached closely. The following pages may provide a useful starting point to learning more about the relevant topics. A simple explanation of what will happen will be sufficient.
1523 937 205 1399 595 1440 500 461 779 195 1000 349 1050 474 736 557 233 993 905 1410 366 1052 309 1173 1437 947 1391 528 565 747 1401 214 583 90 626 584 210 1423 584 1100 714 1438